医疗器械超声清洗效果的影响因素

目的 研究影响医疗器械超声清洗效果的因素，为合理改进医院消毒供应中心超声清洗医疗器械的方法和流程提供参考依据。方法 采用超声波能量检测瓶和超声波声强测试仪对超声波效能进行检测，采用管腔型清洗效果检测卡对超声波清洗效果进行检测。结果 能量瓶平均变色时间、超声波声强、检测卡平均清洗合格时间比较，脱气组和未脱气组差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；器械规则摆放组和堆叠摆放组差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；单层摆放组和双层摆放组差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），层数相同条件下单筐组和双筐组在相同测试位点差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。4种品牌清洗剂中A品牌的清洗效果最好、清洗速度最快，但能量瓶平均变色时间和声强测试差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。清洗剂加注量在1：100、清洗温度在45℃时清洗效果最好。超声时间2 h内清洗剂的酶活力均在1 600 U左右，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 脱气、器械摆放、器械装载方式以及不同清洗剂、清洗温度均能导致超声清洗效能的改变，合理选择清洗条件才能够使医疗器械超声清洗达到满意效果。     

精细化护理管理对开放性四肢骨折手术切口感染的影响分析

目的研究精细化护理管理对开放性四肢骨折手术切口感染的影响。方法选取2017年6月-2018年5月在该院手术室实施手术治疗的开放性四肢骨折患者102例,2017年6-12月的四肢骨折患者52例为观察组实施精细化护理管理,对照组2018年1-5月的四肢骨折患者50例,实施普通护理常规。对比两组患者、家属满意度及两组患者切口感染发生情况。结果患者切口感染发生率无论是浅部组织感染还是深部组织感染观察组均低于对照组,观察组52例患者中浅部组织感染2例,占3.85%,深部组织感染1例占1.92%,而对照组50例患者中浅部组织感染6例,占12.00%,深部组织感染3例占6.00%。而且观察组患者满意度明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论护理风险管理用于开放性四肢骨折患者的切口感染预防中,明显降低切口感染的发生率,提高患者的满意度,值得推广。     

Pedicled or Free Flap from Contralateral Breast for Autologous Breast Reconstruction

BackgroundThrough precise understanding of the vascular anatomy of the breast, the lower segment of the breast could be harvested as a pedicled or free flap for contralateral breast reconstruction.Case presentationIn case 1, based on the 4th internal thoracic artery perforator, the pedicled flap from the breast was transferred to the contralateral side for immediate breast reconstruction. In case 2, with the thoracoacromial vascular pedicle, the free flap from the healthy breast was harvested for delayed breast reconstruction on the contralateral side.ResultsBoth flaps survived well postoperatively. A certain degree of asymmetry was observed in both cases, but the patients were satisfied with the overall results. At the end of follow-up, no tumor recurred in either breast.ConclusionIn patients with a large healthy breast, the lower segment could be harvested as a pedicled or free flap for contralateral breast reconstruction.     

Five-Session Dual-Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation With Task-Specific Training Does Not Improve Gait and Lower Limb Performance Over Training Alone in Subacute Stroke: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of five-session dual-transcranial direct current stimulation (dual-tDCS) combined with task-specific training on gait and lower limb motor performance in individuals with subacute stroke.Materials and MethodsTwenty-five participants who had a stroke in the subacute phase with mild motor impairment were recruited, randomized, and allocated into two groups. The active group (n = 13) received dual-tDCS with anodal over the lesioned hemisphere M1 and cathodal over the nonlesioned hemisphere, at 2 mA for 20 min before training for five consecutive days, while the sham group (n = 12) received sham mode before training. Gait speed as a primary outcome, temporospatial gait variables, lower-limb functional tasks (sit-to-stand and walking mobility), and muscle strength as secondary outcomes were collected at preintervention and postintervention (day 5), one-week follow-up, and one-month follow-up.ResultsThe primary outcome and most of the secondary outcomes were improved in both groups, with no significant difference between the two groups, and most of the results indicated small to moderate effect sizes of active tDCS compared to sham tDCS.ConclusionThe combined intervention showed no benefit over training alone in improving gait variables and lower-limb performance. However, some performances were saturated at some point, as moderate to high function participants were recruited in the present study. Future studies should consider recruiting participants with more varied motor impairment levels and may need to determine the optimal stimulation protocols and parameters to improve gait and lower-limb performance.